While Most People Have Heard of Hemorrhoids, Not Everyone Knows Exactly What They Are

Hemorrhoids, which are also called "piles" are inflamed, irritated veins in the rectum and the anus. Strictly anatomically speaking, hemorrhoids are "cushions" of tissues filled with blood vessels located at the place where the anus and the rectum connect. Hemorrhoids are generally agreed to refer to varicose veins of the anus and rectum.

Poor diet that does not include adequate levels of fiber contributes to the development of hemorrhoids. People who consume too many dairy products can experience excessive levels of lactic acid in the stool which can result in hemorrhoids. Fortunatly, reduction of dairy consumption often relieves this problem. Inadequate vitamin E and inadequate water intake can also contribute to development of hemorrhoids.

Other causes of hemorrhoids include prolonged periods of sitting, constipation, and straining during bowel movements. There are certain types of hypertension that contribute to development of hemorrhoids. For example, people with hypertension of the hepatic portal vein (the vein that drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and the spleen) are prone to hemorrhoids because of the connection between the capillaries of the hepatic portal vein and the vena cava in the wall of the rectum.

Lifestyle factors like obesity, poor muscle tone, and poor posture can put extra pressure on the rectal veins and can predispose a person to development of hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids may be internal or external. Internal hemorrhoids are usually not painful because of the lack of nerve receptors in the internal part of the rectum where internal hemorrhoids occur. But they can bleed, which can be alarming, and can become complicated, becoming prolapsed, or even strangulated (a condition in which prolapsed hemorrhoids are strangulated by spasms of the anal sphincter).

External hemorrhoids are often painful, and are accompanied by swelling and irritation. Itching associated with external hemorrhoids is usually associated with skin irritation. External hemorrhoids are in addition prone to thrombosis, or development of blood clots.

To prevent hemorrhoids, basic healthy lifestyle practices can go a long way. Drinking adequate water, consuming enough fiber, better posture, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoidance of constipation can help. Some experts advise avoidance of tight clothing or underwear to prevent irritation. Adequate hygiene can also relieve some of the swelling caused by hemorrhoids.

Depending on the severity of hemorrhoids, there are a number of treatment options, some simple, some invasive. Hydrotherapy and cold compresses are often used, as are over-the-counter pain relievers. Vasoconstrictors like phenylephrine and topical ointments and astringents like witch hazel are common treatments. Unfortunately, severe cases of hemorrhoids sometimes require surgical intervention for relief.

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